The reducer is a mechanical transmission device widely used in industry. Its main function is to reduce the input speed and increase the output torque to meet the needs of different working machines.

As the main component of industrial robots, precision reducers are required to have short transmission chains, small size, high power, light weight and easy control compared with ordinary reducers. There are two main types of reducers used in articulated robots: RV reducers and harmonic reducers.

In order to facilitate the correct selection of reducers, the types, characteristics and applications of several common reducers are listed for your reference when selecting.

I. Features

1. Harmonic reducer

Harmonic transmission uses the controllable elastic deformation of flexible elements to transmit motion and power. It is small in size and high in precision, but the disadvantages are that the flexible wheel has a limited life, is not impact-resistant, and has poor rigidity compared to metal parts. The input speed cannot be too high.

2. Planetary reducer

The advantages of planetary reducer are relatively compact structure, small return clearance, high precision, long service life, and large rated output torque, but the price is slightly expensive.

3. Gear reducer

It has the characteristics of small size and large transmission torque. Gear reducer is designed and manufactured on the basis of modular combination system, with a large number of motor combinations, installation forms and structural schemes, and fine transmission ratio classification to meet different working conditions and realize mechatronics. Among them, gear reducer has high transmission efficiency, low energy consumption and superior performance.

4. Worm reducer

Its main feature is that it has reverse self-locking function, can have a large reduction ratio, and the input shaft and output shaft are not on the same axis or on the same plane. However, it is generally large in size, low in transmission efficiency and low in precision.

2. Classification

1. Single-stage bevel gear reducer

Single-stage bevel gear reducer is suitable for reduction ratio 2-4. The transmission ratio should not be too large to reduce the size of the bevel gear and facilitate processing. It is only used in transmissions where two axes intersect vertically.

2. Worm reducer

There are mainly cylindrical worm reducers, arc toroidal worm reducers, bevel worm reducers and worm-gear reducers, among which cylindrical worm reducers are the most commonly used.

3. Single-stage cylindrical gear reducer

Single-stage cylindrical gear reducer is suitable for reduction ratios of 3-5. The gear teeth can be straight teeth, helical teeth or herringbone teeth. The housing is usually cast iron or welded with steel plates. Rolling bearings are commonly used for bearings, and sliding bearings are only used for heavy loads or ultra-high speeds.

4. Two-stage cylindrical gear reducer

Two-stage cylindrical gear reducers are divided into three types: expansion type, split type and coaxial type, and are suitable for reduction ratios of 8-40.

5. Conical and cylindrical gear reducers

Conical and cylindrical gear reducers are suitable for reduction ratios of 8~15. Bevel gears should be arranged at the high-speed stage to reduce the size of bevel gears. Bevel gears can be straight teeth or curved teeth. Cylindrical gears are mostly helical gears, which can offset part of the axial force of bevel gears.

6. Planetary gear reducer

Due to structural reasons, the minimum single-stage reduction of planetary reducers is 3, and the maximum is generally not more than 10. The common reduction ratios are: 3:4; 5:6; 8:10. The number of reducer stages is generally not more than 3, but some large reduction ratio custom reducers have 4-stage reduction.

RicoCNC is a comprehensive CNC spare part company. Its main products include motors, reducers, sensors, encoders, tool magazine motors, etc. If you have any needs, you can send us an inquiry. We will try our best to service you.

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